Despotic Aristocracies – Conflictos Modernos

Iran attacked by air.

HISTORICAL CONTEXT.

Persia is one of the three great Indo-European civilizations, along with Greece and Rome. If the Greeks had their Iliad and the Romans their Aeneid, the Persians had their Book of Kings. Persia is as Western as Ireland. And Ireland means the same as Iran, «land of the Aryans.»

Although Persia converted to Islam after the Battle of Nehawend in 642 a.C., its Islam is Shi’ism and has strong influences from Zoroastrianism. This is one of the oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the prophet Zoroaster in Persia around the 7th to 6th centuries b.C. Zoroastrianism has a dualistic view of good and evil. Angra Mainyu is the evil spirit, the principle of evil and destruction. It is the opposite of Ahura Mazda, the good and creator god. A practical summary could be the motto «think good, speak good, do good.»

The Shiite ayatollahs have much in common with the ancient «magi.» The name «magi,» as both category and occupation, is derived from the name given to the sages (of which there were several) who came from Persia in search of the newborn King of the Jews.

For all these reasons, we can say that Iranian Shiism is a national religion.

The last Iranian dynasty, the Pahlavi, focused on expanding and deepening the work «The Book of Kings,» with its 60,000 verses. This was a way to weaken radical Islam through the «ethnic cultural roots» of a 2,600-year-old empire.

The radical Shiite Ruhollah Khomeini had to go into exile in France because of his strict doctrine. He was only able to return to Iran after the 1979 Revolution, which overthrew Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

All of this enshrines, consolidates, and extends the identity and characteristics of the Iranian people.

***CYRUS II THE GREAT, FOUNDER OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE.***

As a symbol of the enduring and strenghting nature of the Iranian Ethos, we have the elite military unit of the Immortals, founded by Cyrus II the Great. Initially an infantry unit, it later became a cavalry unit under the Sasanian Empire. It comprised 10,000 handpicked soldiers. When a member fell, he was replaced after the battle. They formed the Persian king’s personal guard and were also used as shock troops in battles. In this way, they transmitted through time the idea of continuity and strength of this special corps and, with it, of the entire army of the Empire and the Persian nation.

This national identity has been reinforced by its resistance to invasions and oppression throughout the centuries. Iranians have fought in numerous battles and wars to protect their national territory and their sovereignty within it. From Alexander the Great‘s conquest to the 1980-1988 war with Iraq, and including the era of Nadur Shah, who led the resistance against the Afghans (also known as Pashtuns or Patans) in the 18th century, the defense of the nation is seen as a sacred duty by many Iranians. This is reflected in modern public events such as the Day of Sacred Defense.
Resistance, or the modern concept of resilience (a term borrowed from English), and sacrifice in defense of the nation and its characteristics (territory, religion, language) are recurring themes in Iranian culture.

Heavy aerial or artillery fire.
Artillery and ground-attack aircraft (and, more recently, unmanned aerial vehicles) have these tasks to fulfill in their operations:

Blinding. This means preventing or hindering enemy observation. It ranges from the occasional use of smoke or fog to attacking enemy observation positions, sensors, radars, or satellites.
Disrupt. This aims to interrupt or hinder enemy military operations. Counter-battery fire and interdiction attacks in the enemy’s tactical and operational zones are two examples.
Neutralize. This aims to temporarily render an enemy position or unit ineffective. It is the upper and general limit of destruction that should be applied, according to the main principle of saving resources.
Modern tactics and operations, applied by the Russians in support of their «uncomfortable ally» Syria and the al-Assad family, have openly begun to demolish enemy defensive positions, even in urban or industrial areas, before the supported infantry assault to capture them.
An uncomfortable ally is one that causes more setbacks and unpleasantness than results and victories. Italy was such an ally in World War II. The Russians had their only naval base-port in the Mediterranean at Port Taurus in Latakia, Syria.

***DESTRUCTION BY HEAVY FIRE IN A SECTOR OF GAZA***

Destroy. The goal is to eliminate or permanently disable an enemy capability or position. There are obvious cases where this task is applicable, for example, destroying a bridge or a bunker, an ammunition depot, or a military vehicle distribution park. It is the most costly means in relation to providing operational effectiveness.

The choice of task also depends on the military objective. For example, is it a fortified position or are they forces on the move? And, of course, on the available resources. These are usually always insufficient, and the commander must take this into account when allocating resources and reserves to his forces.

The Unconditional surrender.

This is a diplomatic-military procedure that did not normally exist before World War II.

Simply put forward conditions that were draconian enough to reduce the surrendering nation to near destruction.

***GEORGES CLEMENCEAU, FRENCH PRIME MINISTER.***

This is what French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, nicknamed «The Tiger,» dictated to Germany on November 11, 1918, in a railway carriage at the Compiègne Forest, where the German surrender agreement was signed. He was not in the coach.

Germany lost the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine; the Ruhr industrial basin, the symbol and heart of its heavy industry; its Army was limited to 100,000 men, with a ban on tanks; it was required to pay enormous reparations for the costs of the war, etc.

A separate chapter concerns Germany‘s irreversible loss of its African colonies:

East Africa (present-day Namibia); Tanganyika (present-day Tanzania, along with the island of Zanzibar); Togo; Rwanda; Cameroon.

***CHILDREN FLYING A KITE MADE FROM HIGH-VALUE GERMAN BANKNOTES***

The hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic was one of the most infamous in history. In 1923, it reached almost 30,000%. Prices doubled every three and a half days. This immense inflation greatly alleviated the real burden of the war debt, which they paid with «paper money,» quite literally.

Tanks were replaced by large wheeled fake models for studies and training (war games).

The 100,000 military personnel assigned to the war, became the officers and non-commissioned officers of the future German Army, which was also provided with a revolutionary doctrine.

The socio-cultural and military mechanisms of the Iranian regime in its development and maintenance.

The arrival of Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini in Iran from his exile in France in 1979 marked the beginning of a shift in direction and the ideologization of the Iranian Civic Revolution.

The Shiite clergy of Qom soon realized that the Revolution was a «source of law» (with great potential) and that it needed to secure its position against an almost intact Iranian Armed Forces, inherited from the Pahlavi Empire.

In 1980, Iran was attacked by Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti, and the army performed poorly.

The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) was established by order of Khomeini on April 22, 1979. It was a Parallel Army, ideologically and religiously unwaveringly loyal to the ayatollahs and Iranian Shiism. Some parallels could be drawn with Hitler’s SS. The ayatollahs sought and implemented an effective army, loyal to them and their principles.

***GENERAL QASSEM SOLEIMANI, ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS COMMANDERS OF THE AL-QUDS BRIGADES (REVOLUTIONARY GUARD)***

The Revolutionary Guard is responsible for Iran‘s internal and border security, law enforcement, and Missile Forces. Its operations are geared toward asymmetric warfare, controlling smuggling, and the Strait of Hormuz.

Today, so many years later, the Iranian Armed Forces are sufficiently loyal and effective in the regular defense of Iran.

(To be continued)

THE DRONES AND THE ENEMY OPERATIONAL ZONE. SECOND PART.

(continuaton)

The range of the most specific tactical actions extends from 12-15 km to 40-50 km deep into the enemy position.

We have already seen that the operational zone was very vulnerable to deep exploitation by enemy mobile groups. However, the support mass, made up of structures based on stability and management and with units with qualitatively lower combat readiness, due to their unnecessary nature, is even more vulnerable. It is another matter whether, with modern armies, based on the countless manufactured products necessary for their operations, the exploitation of an enemy’s deep rear is operationally easy or even feasible.

Theory of using drones in reconnaissance and combats.

The countries of Eastern or Central Europe, as some of them say, as if they could modify geography, have land and sea borders with Russia, and these are their lengths:

Country Land border Percentage Sea border

Finland 1,271.8 km 21.7% 54 km

Belarus 1,239 km 21%

Ukraine 2,093.6 km 35.7% 567 km

Norway 195.8 km 23.3 km

Latvia 270.5 km

Lithuania 266 km 22.4 km

Estonia 324.8 km 142 km

Poland 204.1 km 32.2 km

Total……………. 5,865.6 km 840.9 km

European countries are overwhelmed by the lack of means, tactics, techniques, and doctrine to stop attacks and incursions of varying depth by the “unmanned aerial vehicles” (drones). The decided solution is to equip the entire eastern European border with a «physical network of reconnaissance and attack drones from short to long range.» However, this is structurally unsafe, imperfect, and insufficient.

**INCORPORATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO OPERATIONAL DRONES**

Following the recent Russian drone incursions into Poland and Romania, the Defense ministers of the so-called «frontline» countries decided on Friday, September 26, to begin as soon as possible the joint construction of an «anti-drone defense system» covering their entire extensive border with the threatening enemy. The intensification of incidents and grievances involving this innovative weaponry by Putin’s Russia has directly contributed to this decision.

For its part, Ukraine, through its Defense Minister Skmyhal, has pledged to assist its European allies in developing technology and tactics in this field of weapons. European Union Defense Commissioner Andrius Kubilius believes that the Ukrainian army has the most experience in the development and use of various types of drones.

The defense ministers decided that they should move «from discussions to concrete actions.» The first objective would be to create a national and interoperable drone detection system, building on the aforementioned experience of Ukraine. According to Kubilius, this is currently the biggest shortcoming. Heads of State will be informed at the European Council Meeting at the end of this October, so they can provide political support for developing this objective. It was suggested that its implementation could take a year.

***EU DEFENSE COMMISSIONER, ANDRIUS KUBILIUS***

By concentrating the enemy sufficient drones in depth and in a narrow sector of the European drone front, it can be penetrated and overrun from the flank, from the rear, and from deep penetration into the rear, our operational zone. Depending on the drones’ range, payload capacity, and weapon types.

The concept of modern warfare is almost equivalent to hybrid warfare. This would be, according to the US term, fifth-generation warfare. We now approach it with digital and computer methods, using the discrimination and precision of algorithms and electromagnetic radiation and pulse technology—V-generation warfare, hybrid or multifaceted warfare.

The Laser Defense System against drones employs three phases of action: Detection, Location, and Destruction. First, the drone is detected and classified according to its size, speed, and flight path. Once classified, the target is locked onto using tracking mechanisms to maintain precise aiming on the drone. This phase is crucial to ensure that the laser beam remains focused on the target throughout the entire engagement process.

And this model of dialectical confrontation, with an essential component of physical force, requires a holistic, harmonious integration of the available multidisciplinary means with the different objectives, whether simultaneous or successive, that we wish to achieve.

Before now, the endless plains of Poland and Germany could allow Soviet mechanized units, stronger in infantry, to adequately combat in the vast urbanized and industrial areas of the invaded countries. After attack and penetration by shock armies and mobile exploitation groups, they could rapidly advance across them, covering their flanks from any Allied counterattack and reaching the North Sea.

***MARSHAL MICHAIL TUJACHEVSKI’S AND DEEP PENETRATION DOCTRINE.***

In doing so, they broke the cohesion of Allied defensive positions, dispersed heavy defensive fire and its coherence, and disrupted the comprehensive Allied defense direction in Central and Western Europe.

Today, and not so long ago, tactical weapons are «drone swarms,» organized into various types, missions, and aircraft and its own deploy, and operational weapons are «large swarms,» organized into appropriately varied «groups» in its own deploy. Fighters can operate as some of the aerial vehicles deployed to protect the aforementioned tactical and operational weapons.

The need to defend many things (borders, command and communications centers, troop concentrations, weapons and tracked and wheeled vehicle depots, spare parts, ground movements) will literally leave reconnaissance and attack resources at a complete loss. Until the last moment, until the Slavic enemy reveals its objectives through its mobilization and march/attack deployment, the allied «defense swarms» (reconnaissance, drone attacks, and ground forces) will not be able to adequately engage the allied points under attack.

THE END.

IDEOLOGY AND POWER IN CHINA.

The Historical Materialism in modern China

In the 18th century, the Jesuits misionary arrived to China (singularly, Mateo Ricci), that looked deeply into his civilization and manners of life, informed Rome in his letters, in the style used by San Francisco Javier on India, the Japan and other lands, of the existence in the Kingdom of the Middle of a political regime based on the absolute government of an emperor, using an organized into a hierarchy, extensive and educated bureaucracy. But this scheme, which was turning out to be idealized and simple, benevolent and Confucian, was not fulfilled in the reality. The Chinese emperors and still his dynasties were demolished; the internal war was intermittent and recurrent in his history; the necessary and powerful bureaucracy was elitist and closed and was falling intermittently down in the vice of the corruption, the conceitedness and the auto satisfaction for his works and services.

SHI HUANG TI, FIRST EMPEROR OF CHINA

And it is more, the root and the substance of this Chinese style of governance, of being and use of power remains nowadays. Upon the Chinese revolution in the 30s and 40s; of the World War II and the short civil war (1946-1949), after the Japanese occupation of great part of his oriental territory; of the economical and social «great leap forward» at first of the 50, using the micro steel mills and little factories production, at charge of innumerable groups of not due qualified neighbors, trying an «industrial communal revolution» and of the Mao Ze Dong‘s «cultural revolution». This last was an ideological radical reconduction of the revolutionary process, planned and praised in the Trotsky‘s «permanent revolution”, who paradoxically was, at the eyes of the Chinese communists, a «damned revisionist». All above mentioned constitutes a stage, an attempt, another historical episode, that, for more revolutionaries and radical that were, would end up by being swallowed, absorbed and incorporated in the Chinese civilization and idiosyncrasy, on having been accessories and temporaries in the development of the long History of the Kingdom of the Middle.

As the emperor only was accepting the loyal submission of his subjects, the communist leaders do not admit the most minimal critique from own or foreign. They have the monopoly and the «scientific» certainty of the materialistic and dialectical interpretation of the social facts of the history. Though they constantly correct his «course» in long tacks going to the advance. And the nomenclature, the aparatichik, the bureaucracy of the Chinese C. P. and the State are exclusivists and distant to the negotiations and to the different, deviant or divergent opinions, in what refer to his orientation, his collective and personal power and the objections to his taken decisions. It is in this closed area of the modern «mandarinate» where also are solved the power quotas and the interests of chiefs, commands and regions.

MAO ZEDONG, FATHER OF THE POPULAR REPUBLIC OF CHINA

This way, when a difference exists between the people and them, they do not think and talk, but directly suppress the discrepancies that appear. In 1.989, the «liberal» Deng Xian Ping sent the Army to squash and disperse the civil student protest in the Tiananmen square, Pekin. And Zhao Zuyang, was ceased as first secretary of the Chinese C. P. , for simply raising in the first moment the negotiation with the students. These «incidents» arise constantly through the whole China and are several thousands in a year. But, about them scarcely one speaks, because they are not known. The regime and his oppressor device take charge making them invisible, so, non-existent. This is connected with the political classic Chinese past. So, when a difficulty, a claim exists, one was coming and one comes today to the high authority. And the current Constitution recognizes this right of popular and social request. But, nowadays the petitioners are easily struck and imprisoned. These «incidents» are usually happening with the local and regional authorities of the towns and companies. Which operate in the same form that the central leaders and the high jobs of the Party, that are theirs counselors, teachers and examples.

This style of governance would be useful and commendable when the social internal and external flows of a society were stopped by the geographical partitioned of the groups, the absence of persons’ movements by the lack of roads and the shortage of means and reasons for them; and the penury of the public information, generally only known verbally. But in the modern times, this governance does that the vivacity and the audacity, the creativity and the naturalness, get lost in the management of the public thing. And that the administrators hide down the papers and the procedures, acting according to a “bureaucracy of zero faults”. But, the mistakes and deficiencies veiled take the generation of others more, because this is «the use and the way» chosen. Because, the mistakes can always be used by some superior or enemy, generally with something of opportunism and convenience by a «group of collaborators or companions«, to scold, punish, accuse or cease. So is created something like a philharmonic «orchestra» lacking in unity, which can work with din, but without interpreting the melodies.

DENG XIAOPING, GENERAL ARCHITECT OF MODERN CHINA

And it falls in the enthronement of the chiefs, which leads to the exoneration of all their failures, to the tolerance of all their faults and to the exaltation of all their thoughts, decisions and acts. In the absence of real contact with the reality, they look for the accumulation of safeguards, distances and privileges in their positions and functions, looking for the need to feel secures, without understanding that the reality is always more benign and hospitable than what is afraid of. One incurs in one of the politician social devils that the president Mao indicated already long ago and that, extracted from his original writings, is summarized as appointments in the “Red Book”, a real Marxist Leninist catechism of the Cultural Chinese Revolution (1.966-1.976): «the bureaucratic chained tasks supplant the attention and dedication to the people and to his needs and opinions, necessary to realize the real revolution, being based on an exchange of thoughts between the people and the Party». Since it is the ideological feedback from the people to the authorities, which keeps these in the historical materialist correct course.

The political action in China.

The own structure and composition of the Chinese C. P. reveal his elitist and exclusive characteristics. Administratively it is an emulator of the illustrated and despot «madarinate» of the imperial times. Scarcely, his members are 92 million of Chinese in 2020. But his ubiquity, penetration and range extend it as a «social fluid» for all the corners, sectors and turns of the Chinese led society. This «total presence» includes the principal and more active leaders of the country, in all the areas and stratum of the social action. All that contrasts and differs qualitatively from the general attitude of the rest of the world C. P., in relation with their compromised militancy: their doors are opened for all the sympathizers in all the countries where they do not govern. That are the immense majority of them, exempting a handful of old and already expired exceptions, relics of an overcome social and political past. In these countries they seek to reach a «critical mass» of public presence and activity, which is variable according to the societies, but that is between 10-15% of the populations. And that turns out to be necessary in order that the actions of these «militant lay orders» get reputation and transcendence in his society. Where it would act as his«social revolutionary yeast”, towards thoughts and radical attitudes. And even, at the end of the process, taking the weapon to finish off and suppress the emptied and unstable governments, when their institutional weakness is clear.

For his part, president Xi Jinping already excluded any political drift of the communist regime towards the modern freedoms: «The democracy is not Chinese«. That is to say, the Chinese democracy does not exist as such political system. Nevertheless, the economic capitalist freedoms were granted by the Party: «Let’s keep the ideology, the political orientation and the structure of the State (and, certainly, of the Party). And let’s perfect the way of production and the distribution of the obtained goods and services, cheapening all the possible the costs of the productive factors, seeking to improve the economic productivity and efficiency, the volume of production and the wealth and his extension«.

PRESIDENT XI JINPING, CREATOR OF THE GLOBAL CHINA.

On having embraced the capitalism specialized ways and forms in the creation of goods and without applying the necessary central regulation, this has brought erroneous or perverse drifts in the assignments of the means and the distribution of the produced goods. Probably to stimulate these capitalist activities and to simultaneously control them, is more an «object» of high social philosophy. And suppose asking too much to a national leaders not enough expert, neither experienced in the themes. This way, have created a high and a middle economic classes, that form a new social active and powerful base of the Party. One prospers with the Party and never without the Party. Because his members trust between them and the belonging to him gives a stamp of guarantee and loyalty to the great lines or parameters designed and planned from the leader dome. That belong so much to the thoughts and the general actions, as to the most prosaic areas of the economic capitalist activity and the direction and management of sectors and companies. They want to be rich communists and to enjoy goods of immediate and lasting consumption in property and exclusives. It is a way that serves, always there is one, to distinguish and to be outlined over the others, specially from the acquaintances, neighbors and relatives.

But the enormous prices inflation of the real-estate assets, created by an excessive and /or speculative demand, with a limited offer of the wished and/or preferential locations and the available surface, has to lead to the depreciation of these «deposits of value and saving«. Fitting them to their more moderate rea value. But, numerous Chinese have prospered very much on having invested his savings in the urban construction. In addition, it is possible that this is not the only upward diversion of prices that is under way in other «deposits of value», for example, the stock exchange. And it is possible that the immense majority of the Chinese tolerate the political halter, relieved by the consumer consolations. But they will enormously sting the loss of great part of his savings and of his expectations of progress and wealth. Machiavelli was saying that the men were tolerating better the violent loss of his father than that of his goods (ruin, confiscation). Curiously, a theoretically communist regime and that was considering the USSR of the 60s and 70s as «deviationist» of the Marxism Leninism and of the revolutionary pure tradition, will fall down, for edging them, in the cyclical inevitable diversions of the most stale capitalism. Those that the great Europe already bridled since 80 years ago, gradually creating and perfecting a corps of economic doctrine of social liberal nature, with whom she was eluding, relieving and overcoming them with efficiency and rapidity.

THE CREATORS OF THE THEORY OF THE DIALECTIC MATERIALISM

But, on having radically and sharply modified the relations between the production agents (work, capital, management and cadres and administration), there also have to be modified the social previous relations between them. In effect, the knowledge and the application of the modern technologies of all kinds in the manufactures of multitude of goods, lead to the qualitative increase of the training and the formation of the producers. Which will claim, more soon that late, the recognition from the Chinese State of diverse civil rights, still not contemplated or in embryo. The concentration in his hands and in the commands of the factories of increasing quantities of assets (savings, participations, goods of lasting consumption, essential knowledge) will lead them to demand from it new ways and forms of participation in the public Chinese life. Acting this way, as would say Mao, «A need demanded by the people to the Party and the leaders».

All that will create contradictions between the new social caps or «subclasses» so formed, breaking and removing this way the idealized monolithic unit of the people and the Party in the State. Contradictions that not necessarily have to get antagonistic, to resolving by the violent action between the rivals. But that will demand his dialectical «resolution» and, therefore, they will lead to the appearance of a new social stable balance. Where the most retrograde, ultraconservatives, parasitic or bureaucratic «sectors» will have to let passing to: a sensitive, flexible and effective administration in wide sense; to a different control over the managements and the leaders of the companies and services; to a sectoral and individual management progressively different from the old ones; to a system of access to these mentioned positions, based on the capacity, the efficiency measured from time to time and the merits; and to a major and freer participation of the producers of all kinds in the social areas to developing: education, playtime, trips, consumption, social protection, health and access to the public life. And this is really the historical materialism in action…

Reflections about Spain and Catalonia. 2nd Part.

(continuation)

The social Situations of tensions and clash.

There is a deep social fracture in Catalonia, where both «conflicting groups» form both antagonistic halves of his society. By the force, it is not possible to impose any of the two ideological parts over other, because the positions are anchored and held. This way, a violent clash only would lead, by the friction and the wear generated, that the falls of both groups were almost similar. It is not possible here to obtain the Roman «caedes«, in which the «defeated» was passed to the «edge of the sword», whereas the «victor» only suffered light falls.

THE DRIVING FAMILY OF A SPURIOUS CATALAN NATIONALISM, DEFENDER OF A PLUTOCRAT HIGH CLASS AND FAR FROM THE REAL HISTORY OF SPAIN AND CATALONIA.

And it is not a question of distinguishing between «goods» and «bads» either. Because the interests and the ideas that sustain them, are divided simply in «favorable» and «unfavorable» for both social politics causes.

The interests, the attitudes and the divergent ideas, when not opposed, feed and support those positions. And a first embarrassing great mistake of the authorities is to have allowed that this situation generated and degenerated. Largely, yielding social essential functions of the State (as the public education) or giving large budgetary money, to obtain the votes of the separatists, who initially were autonomists and moderated, supporting the governments of Spain, of the PSOE and of the PP.

The civil clashes in Catalonia, arisen between groups of activists of both politician social signs, are varied and of different seriousness: placement and retreat of the yellow bows or announcers cartels of events; occupation by «pushing groups» of the CDR, ARRAN or others, of the places where there were going to be celebrated acts of other groups or conferences of not related persons; irritating frets between groups of demonstrators of opposite sign. In the actual situation of irritated clash it is only a question of time and of the repetition of these acts, for the violence installs in them. This social degeneracy is a consequence of the inefficiency of the State Central Power and the abandon of his governing functions. Leaving in hands of the judges, the defense at the wrong time of an autonomous and penal legality infringed by the opportunists secessionists.

When, in the middle of 1996, Umberto Bossi, leader and senator of the North League, a radical right party created around the mantra «Rome steals us«, announced for 15 of September the secession of the Padania of Italy, a social politics aberration opened in the valley of the Po, he received the following notice from the president Oscar Luiggi Scalfaro: «Mr. Bossi, if you continues this way, you will collide abreast with the Italian Army».

The North League stopped his delirious aspirations. And his vital path passed until not much, emerging or submerging in the Italian political panorama and with meanders. It was not necessary to take exceptional measures then, nor hard, against the North League or his driver controls.

Because, when the institutions and his protagonists are respected, this, «per se», takes care and defends the Lord’s vineyard. And, vice versa, when they are disrespectful to you, already you can threaten, dribble, feint, get furious or cry. That will serve you for nothing. Because, the attributes of your authority and the causes and reasons of the national sovereignty, which you say to defend, already you have lost them. And, the offenders already have despised, put away and replaced them with others. That turn out to be nearer and suitable for them.

The necessary National Reconstruction.

After the outlawing of the secession, inside the juridical frame existing in Spain, there are different tasks to realizing by the whole State apparatus.

To neutralize the street activists, anonymous or not, placed in the diffuse limit of the violence. In order that they do not harass, disturb the social and streets order and do not prevent the political activities of other formations. It is a labor of immediate public order.

To eradicate of the Catalan society the thoughts and the tendentious and distorted anti Spanish beliefs. Or that which promote and encourage the social division and the hatred and the elimination of the political rivals. It is a multidisciplinary and complex task, with educational, psychological and social components to realizing in the middle and Iong terms.

To change the political solvent conducts. Stopping and substituting the autonomous authorities that break the laws of a Constitutional state, internationally recognized. It is a task of institutional and legal regeneration of the autonomous and local institutions in the medium-term. And that demands the approval, decision and support of a majority of political parties and citizens

If this is not do, the recalcitrant separatists will hide and come again to other autonomics elections. And we can have a qualitatively equal Parlament and Govern like the annuled by the judges.

What is at stake is the break of one of the Europe’s oldest nations. That arose and is kept when his social territorial components verify and accept the bet of jointly living all, to overcome the weaknesses and limitations of their isolated territories. Spanish nation of which the Catalans form a part from his beginning and establishment. And the secessionists do not offer the Catalan people for this break, a clear and favorable offer of rights, freedoms and progress for him. A prooof of the small bourgeois adventurerism of the separatist views and theses is the withdrawal of his exclusive ideas of the practical totality of the institutions and European nations.

The secessionist controls handle the demagogic arguments, the half truths and the slanted historical interpretations as no one else, to attract and keep his potential electorate. Because, the truth is relative and is one more way for them, in altars of their “so called freedom” of the Catalan people. And they feed his separatist zeals with many-colored hatreds towards the Nation where the Hispanic peoples became great. It is the paradoxical and insane rancor, on the other hand very recurrent, against that one that has helped you very much and with which you have shared your life.

His political argument is based on the exploitation of the human passions, which are insatiable, by epistemologic definition. The greed of having more than the other, without considering the benefits intercommunication in the modern democratic societies. The egoism of the abandon of the national solidarity, without admitting that in all the nations are zones more backward and depressed that others. The lie of the manipulation and distortion of the lived common history; as instrument of justification of his imperious and solvent actions. The envy, as expression of the own mental lacks; represented and satisfied at the moment, in the Utopian independent Catalan nation, full of advantages and blessed by the goddess Fortune. Spilling to Catalonia her inexhaustible horn of pleasure, money and personal and social kindness. The conceit of the separatist controls, which satisfies when they think about the admiration that they assume are waking up in the others.

The social virtues, taught and learned largely by the observed and received example, are the only and real brakes against the temptations that arise from the loose passions in the soul of the men.

Reflections about Spain and Catalonia.

Introduction.

The nation is one and unique by essence. And it arises from the commitment of the citizens to live in community. And it is kept and preserves in the defense of this union, which is loved, against his enemies of inside and outside. A nation is provided with one social politics selfconsciousness. And collaborate to create and support it the history, the tradition and the customs, and the own language and moral sense. And contribute secondly to it the own ethnia and the territory, that not always exist, specially the first one. This way, the territory of a country is not a nation. Nor it is not the inarticulate population of a territory under an only one government.

«The Nation is stronger with the unity of his sons and the members of the families than by the military power».

Though the territory that occupies is necessary to give a nation the possibility of supporting a social administrative structure, that guarantees the exercise of his sovereignty. In spite of the «civilized» current times, all we know the problems and the discomforts that suffers the Kurdish people, deprived of a national own territory and «distributed» between Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. One of the essential problems of the Kurds is that they form a part of despotic countries and, even, ethnically exclusive. This way, in these countries, they are considered to be citizens of secondclass, different, and, even, potentially dangerous, on having been always national minorities. But, endowed with a strong social cultural identity, which prevents his absorption by the rest of the national populations to whom they belong.

In a nation fit several not antagonists ethnias. Because his base is the life together conviviality, the respect and the rights and duties for all. And so long as they love this «harmonic set» of persons and his well-being, peace and jointly progress destinies.

When the nation is loved by his components and there exists in them the desire to serve and defend her in community, the concept of the motherland appears. Both ideas are interrelated essentially. And, the absence of the patriotism or the shame to practise it by members of a «social political community», leads to the defenselessness and the dismemberment of his nation, in major or minor degree. Being formed then «groups of associate individuals» with dissolvent ideas and interests of the naional group.

GUARANTOR OF THE UNITY AND SYMBOL OF THE PATRIOTISM.

It is not of surprising that the Defense Forces of a nation are, as institutions and in his members, which hoist, teach and practise the patriotism, as one of his essential virtues. Because it is possible only to die for what is loved. The Defense Forces of a nation are the specialized set of the «nationals or patriots» for the belligerent and complete Defense of his «national country«.

The common historical flow of live in unity, progress and peace.

In the XIVth and XVth century, the Castilian turns into the language of the State, entering in struggle with the educated Latin, to which it displaces. The «toledan dialect» will contribute the linguistic procedure to the Castilian. The Castilian prose spreads and puts the finished touches in the extensive literature of the High Middle Age. The advance of the Reconquest in the whole Andalusian territory, with his 4 small kingdoms of culture and Islamic religion, drived by the «unevenness in the centrifugal impulse» of the Christians, incorporated numerous words of Arabic root into the Castilian. Following a process of enrichment and idiomatic definition, progressive and extensive, similar to the already seen in previous stages. There appears Antonio Nebrija’s Grammar, which defines the new Spanish language.

During the 16th century, the Castilian, which happens to be the Spanish, turns into universal language. The Spanish is taking the role of literary language of the whole Spanish nation. Aragon, Valencia, Majorca, Catalonia and Navarre (incorporated in Castile in 1512), will keep an administrative autonomies tied to the Crown of Spain. The Spanish presence in Europe, for his character of great world power, and his expansion in the Americas, take to the incorporation in the Spanish of numerous European and indigenous words.In this final epoch, the Spanish acquires the essential of his current structure.

A reconstruction of the first known Spanish national flag carried by Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, the Great Captain, in Naples.

In this multiethnic and polycultural Nation that emerges with an immense vital force, all the Hispanic peoples made themselves big. In the 16th century all the inhabitants wanted to belong and to follow the paths of the Spains. Nation that arose in the desire of the royal subjects to coexist in her. And that was kept with his commitment to defend her in his concept and integrity.

There were not easy for Catalonia and Spain the times of Philip IV and the Count Duke of Olivares, Gaspar of Guzman, the favorite minister of the king from 1621. This had proposed to reform and stimulate the idea of Spain in the whole Kingdom and to recreate the Empire of Philip II. Spain had an enormous and long task ahead. But the capacities and the means were not at the needed height.

Philip IV was an apathetic and pusillanumous person. The program hit with a conformist and slow bureaucracy, called to realize it, and with the national oligarchies, called to follow it. Spain had wars and armed conflicts in all the Western Europe: in Germany, France, the Netherlands or Flanders, Italy and in the east and west parts of Spain. The soldiers, not always with good controls, were not fighting well. The Thirty Years War was continuing and in France, the cardinal Richelieu was arising as intelligent, tough and shrewd enemy of Spain.

The revolts of 1640 in Catalonia and Portugal (in December, the uprising of his oligarchies led to his final separation of Spain) were disastrous for the plans of Olivares. The revolt and Catalan secession or «war of the peasants» extended until 1652. It developed with the reforms of the Count Duke, to distribute and confirm the efforts of the peninsular regions in favor of the common interest. Till then, Castile had paid in a disproportionate way the expenses of the external commitments of the Habsburgs. The immediate reason of the rejection to these plans was that the Catalan oligarchy saw them as a threat to his historical freedoms. That actually were an administrative privileges of the medioevo, centred on that they forbid the Catalan troops to serve out of the Principality.

The beginning of the «Peasants Revolt» on the Corpus Day.

The frictions between the population and the exiguous forces quartered in Barcelona took to the raising of June, 7 (day of the Corpus Christi), that was generalized and extended by the whole Catalonia. This derived in a revolution of the poor and peasants against the nobles and the rich ones or Catalan oligarchy. Soon, this one recovered part of the control and asked for help and protection to France. Richelieu did not lose the opportunity to debilitate Spain and supported the seditious.

But, the Frenchmen, with his protectorate, made themselves immediately more onerous and greedy for the Catalans that Spain. For example, flooding the region of French highly rival products. This way, the Catalan oligarchy, which without a few clear and pondered aims, proposed to damage the Spanish Empire, harmed, with his senseless action and without the minor consideration, the Catalan people and his Principality. The cooling of the shock with France and the end of the Thirty Years War, allowed to send a Hispanic army who occupied easily Barcelona, in 1651.

In the Succession War of Spain of 1714, Catalonia fighting close to Spain, supported the Habsburg candidate, who was the dynastic line of succession. If was reigning the Borbon, of the royal French dynasty, a new dynasty was accepted and imposed in the royal Spanish throne. This would join us to France for temporal «family agreements», which not always would be favorable or neutral for the Spanish nation. We have the case of Carlos III, with very useful prime ministers for the Kingdom and with a personal behavior that, for discreet, was good. Which, before, when he was king of Naples, was humiliated by the Royal Navy. And that immediately of ascending to the throne, established a family agreement with France, which took us in 1763 to an unnecessary and bad war with England.

Gained the civil war by Philip V, whose troops had access by our ground borders, Catalonia was occupied by his troops. But, again, Catalonia received the treatment that his importance was deserving in the Spanish nation. And, prompt, the Decrees of New Plant and other administrative dispositions were favoring it in the flow of life of the Hispanic peoples.

Catalonia fights in 1714 for the dynastic continuity in Spain.

The Fathers of the Motherland are not his owners.

To believe themselves is a common perception of the despots and «modern national liberators«. It has his origin in the conduct of the satraps and absolute ancient monarches. And it is reinforced furthermore when, as in the Islam, the religion consolidates and sustains also the political power that they exercise.

The dynastic corruption of the Pujol family, implicitly accepted by his followers and extras, for being the visible promoter of the modern «Catalan sovereignty», is one of the parasitic ivies that took possesion of the Catalan public moneys.

The commissions of even more than the famous 3% indicated by Pascual Maragall in the Parlament, gathered methodically by Convergence and Union, the party of the Catalan bourgeoises, has managed to cover with mud the Palace of the Lyceum. Party that was dissolved in 2016, with his impeded headquarters, and it re-turned in the PdeCat.

And a provincial institution of State condition, as is the Deputation of Barcelona, destined to help in his management the small municipalities with minor structures, turned aside around 12 million Euros, assigned by the National budget, to the members of the PdeCat party. Of which, the last 2 millions were destined to the aims of the international cooperation and development (operation Estela of the Spanish National Police, on May 25).

(TO BE CONTINUED)