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Teoría e Historia Militares y Temas de Interés Permanente en los Conflictos y Crisis Modernos. Military Theory and History and Topics of Permanent Interest in the Modern Conflicts and Crisis.

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Categoría: PEACEFUL SOCIAL COEXISTENCE

The Unstoppable Flood of the AfghanTaliban. 2nd Part.

(CONTINUATION)

Another characteristic of the social organization of these frontier semi independent tribes is that they stimulate a relative endogamy. With it they seek to isolate, to protect, to support or to increase their idiosyncrasy, influence and patrimony. But, without been biological harmful its use. As it would be between the members of the same family or small or nearby clan. In effect, the marriages not only suppose and carry individuals exchanges between the families of the married. They also produce exchanges and flows of gifts, visits, relations and power plots. In a few little evolved societies, living in a difficult way and, sometimes surrounded temporarily by hostile, the matrimonial relations produce a «revenue», an increases of social positions, influences and goods, which are very estimated by the families.

Taliban Operational.

The highland villages are numerous, small and spread for both sides of the common border. In them can be camouflaged a small group of «regulars» Taliban, waiting that the jerky military flood passes away. Apart, the Taliban enjoy a complicated system of natural caves, reinforced by communication tunnels, endowed with extended zones for waiting and the storage of all classes of goods. This system is used to facilitate the traffic between both countries, without having to use the frontier passages or the most habitual and known gorges, as «parts» of the complete journey. And as temporary refuge, when the Allies carry out reprisal or rebels searching operations, on Pashtun zones where they have been more active. Taliban are Pashtuns. Only are distinguished from the local tribes by their major religious proselytism and military activity. Some of the villagers whom the soldiers meet in their patrols and searches, could be «part-time» Taliban or sympathizers. Two or three men of a native group that pass along a rural way, can be a Taliban team moving across.

The operational key of the Taliban resides in their innumerable local chiefs, with their small guerrillas bands. They are the persons in charge of intimidating, teaching, scaring, attacking and occupying more or less temporarily some of the numerous settlements and hamlets. According to the pressure degree that they should exercise on the villagers in order that they inform them, hide them and support them. Evidently its elementary degree of operational development keeps the movement at the defensive. Without being able to dispute to any of the present foreign Armies in these areas, any territory or village. Without being able to realize other attack actions beyond ambushes, assaults to very small enemy isolated units, harassment by medium range fire, kidnapping, short duration isolated incursions and the mined of ways and paths. Ideologically concentrated in the conversion to their movement, to their semi nomadic cells, of the most related or nearby Pashtuns.

Though they are willing to die for their ideals, with the promise of stay in one of the Seven Heavens of Islam, in the first of which resides Abraham, visited daily by 50,000 angels, the Taliban do not hesitate to retreat in the face of a decided attack or the determined and tenacious resistance of their military enemy.

Continúa la expansión talibán en Afganistán tras la retirada de las tropas  internacionales

Their usual procedure to assault a weak defended or without spirit position is this: at dawn they bombard with the fixed rocket launchers heavy fire, then they approach to use mortars, finally, the assault is realized by several independent squads, that converging advance in a broken line shooting AK and RPD or PK machine gun bursts and their RPG and RL grenade-launchers. Heavy weapons are fired from the sides of the sections and fire is directed from top to bottom or bottom to top or on verify target. To avoid own casualties by friend fire.

The struggle for the minds and wills.

The Taliban managed to implant their «global radical theocratic» regime by fighting the regional warlords and unifying Afghanistan. They established a lax and weak socio-political structure, but enough, to give the country some preence. Regionally and locally, they controlled the tribal organs of power and, at the same time, possessed small garrisons of irregulars and militia. That were enough to control and govern that state structure.

Displaced from power 20 years ago, their tenuous and sufficient religious political structure remains and their guerrillas and semi-regular forces operationally advance and retreat. Adapting plasticly to the fight against a national regular army of shoddy. That was supported by air and ground heavy fire from the forces of the NATO countries deployed in the country. And with the elite forces of those, for punctual actions of “search and destruction” of the Islamist guerrillas. Operations that were generally of mediocre effectiveness, below what was planned at headquarters.

There are no real academies of officers and non-commissioned officers in Afghanistan. In its Army, it thrives by adapting to the immediate commands. The salaries of the troops are squandered by their superiors. There his short pay and role as a uniformed soldier is a sign of prosperity and social power among his clans.

Afghan army says it killed 100 militants in 24 hours | CNN
Modern Afghan Army Forces…marching in parade…

Chiefs, officers and non-commissioned officers lack a «national morale» that impels them to full defense of Afghanistan against the Black Death of the Taliban. There is no professional honor, a «corps spirit» that galvanizes them with their fellow unit members in a quest for victory.

In short, there is not in the entire administration an exemplary, honorable and suffered behavior (paradoxically, although the country is ruled by misery) on the part of the superior chiefs and the civil authorities. To urge them to fulfil all their professional and social duties towards their distant compatriots or towards the democratic Afghanistan. That today it is the shell of an empty, exhausted and sterile socio-political structure.

The Civil, Ideological and Military Campaign against the Bands.

Here, the enemy is evasive, dispersed, worse armed than military, bad trained, unruly. But, he is native, is tough and scanty, hides and disguises easily. He is a born predator, with an atavistic cunning and usually does not defend his positions. He uses them to wear down the regular enemy and will leave them at the least perceived danger; in the form of flanking movement, deliberate frontal or on the rear attacks.

The operations of the military great units and units let escape the guerrilla teams through the infinity tactical «interstices». It is necessary to operate with nearness at his microtactical military and social level. To the diffuse, tenuous, but omnipresent «swarm» of the Taliban is necessary to interpose a civic military «swarm«. Formed by voluntary elements, more qualified, professional and trained than the guerrillas.

It is necessary to create small «action units«, for combined “social military” actions. That are capable of reaching the Taliban habitat and to expel them from it, progressively and firmly. Interposing between them and the tribes, his real guerrilla habitat. Units that, in its basic model, would be formed by a platoon of light infantry local loyal trained forces, a squad of professional foreign infantries and a group of civil technical personnel for tribe promotion and education with suitable material. Its logistics and support will be based on ground units and helicopter-borne forces, centrally controlled from 2 or 3 near regional operational bases. And complemented by mobile columns in vehicles or of cavalry, forming a support patrols’ network in a region.

Once made firm these small flexible units, can arrive there major forces and brigades of work and education, to go garrison the zone and stimulating its social improvement. It is necessary to possess money to buy the will of collaborators and sympathizers. This can become facilitating work and social distinction to them. And to realize the necessary of development plans.

To eradicate the opium crops can be an independent strategic goal. And it is necessary to value very well its opportunity and possibility for every small zone. It is necessary to offer the natives an alternative of peace, progress and well-being, within their beliefs and ways, in order that they expel the Taliban. That are really for the Pashtuns, war mercenaries and exploiters of civilians, clans and tribes; foreign to the Popular Islam professed by the Pashtuns tribes.

Conclusion.

Liberal democratic values, which are supposed to sustain the legal government in Kabul, are «republican ideological convictions«. They are not felt, and they are not lived by almost anyone in Afghanistan. They are foreign to the Afghan people, to whom they bring neither prosperity, nor security, nor more desirable identity.

Doce de Montesquieu para empezar el año
Montesquieu insisted that democratic values should be transmitted by example. So that they did not remain mere messages.

Americans and their local allies have erected and superimposed a «centralized administrative and political edifice» on the identity and social arena of Afghanistan. And that at the first blow of a serious economic or social setback or of the Taliban military battering ram, it will start to throw out of balance, crack and sink in the eyes of everyone.

Seven Times the Taliban Was Supposedly Defeated
Up to seven times it was said that the Taliban were defeated.

In the last weeks, the Taliban are occupying border posts in northern Afghanistan and are conducting a partial, loose encirclement of some of the country’s largest populations. This allows them to intimidate the Afghan armed forces and send a message of determination and power into and out of the country.

In general, international analysts are pessimistic about the ability of the Kabul government and, more importantly, its military to withstand a determined and prepared onslaught, a flood, by the Taliban. To take political and social power in Afghanistan. The discrepancy between these analysts is only when the Taliban will launch that Unstoppable Flood.

The End.

Publicado el 12 de agosto de 2021Categorías Afghan Taliban, al-Qaeda, Central Asia, Counterinsurgency Operations, COUNTERINSURGENCY WARFARE, Crisis and Conflicts, Guerrilla Warfare, Ideological Conflicts, INTERNAL CIVIL CONFLICTS, ISLAMIC RADICAL IDEOLOGIES, JIHADIST COMMANDS, PEACEFUL SOCIAL COEXISTENCE, PSYCHOLOGY OF THE ISLAMIC TERRORISTS, SMALL MILITARY UNITS, THE AUTHORITIES' CORRUPTION, The radical Islam, THE TACTICAL SPEED, Tribal social SystemDeja un comentario en The Unstoppable Flood of the AfghanTaliban. 2nd Part.

The Unstoppable Flood of the AfghanTaliban

Introduction.

After almost 20 years of US military presence in Afghanistan, its last troops will leave Afghanistan in a few days. Their «war and pacification effort» is condensed into about $800 billion spent in Afghanistan and more than 2400 military personnel killed in acts of service throughout this period. Germany and Italy have also recently withdrawn their last deployments in the country.

One of the targets of his attack on this Asian country was the overthrow of the Salafi jihadist regime of the Afghan Taliban.

Their radical ideology was studied in some madrasas or Qur’anic schools in Pakistan. Young Afghan Pashtun exiles were studying there. Taliban are the students of these radicalized madrasas. And in Pakistan there are now similar political social movements, such as the Terikh e Taliban Pakistan or the Pakistani Taliban Movement. Who have fraternal relations with the Afghan Taliban.

These, in turn, would have given shelter to al-Qaeda headquarters, in the form of a «safe guerrilla base«, with various locations in Afghanistan. And, with an extensive last «position of withdrawal«, located in the bordering mountains, by the so-called Line of Durand, among both Islamic countries. Their defense was based not only on the fighting form at difficult heights, but also on a capillary network of tunnels. That served as hiding places for the terrorists and that allowed them a hidden and protected communication by their area of deployment.

From the times before the Terrorist Network’s Suicide Attack on the New Yorker Twin Towers Complex to the Pentagon, in Washington, on September 11, 2001. And, in particular, Osama ben Laden and Aymar al-Sawahiri, an Egyptian doctor, who acted as an al-Qaeda’s «executive member«.

The capture and neutralization of these two individuals was another of the main objectives of the US invasion of Afghanistan.

And, having destroyed the weak, limited and poor social political structure created by the Afghan Taliban, the Americans had, as a corollary of their military actions, a third target. Distant, but surely more important and transcendent.

Talibanes rechazan alto el fuego ofrecido por el gobierno
Taliban reject the Government offer of cease fire.

To seriously and actively help to create a «modern Muslim society» in Afghanistan, transcending the regime of regional and local tribes and clans. And, that will be refractory to the radical spells of the modern jihadits.

And finally, with a resilient social tissue that guarantees the rights, duties and freedoms of all citizens in this «modern Muslim society«.

Capriciously and unfortunately, the failure of this last mentioned objective will squander all the efforts, in species and blood, dedicated earlier. And it’s going to put all of us at the difficult and unwanted starting point of 2001.

Social anthropologic particularities of the Pashtuns tribes.

The internal relations of the groups, families and local families groups and clans, are characterized by incorporating into them certain rites, rules, attitudes and taboos. These gather, value and quantify their vital needs, their primary emotions and their beliefs. The Islam is followed in the wide zone we treat. They are all of the sunni branch, that accepts the Koran and the Prophet Sunna. The differences reside in the rigor with which they examine and accept the sources of the Sunna. This assumption forms a part of the social inculturation, strengthening and cohesion of these groups.

These societies agree and are ruled by an authority, more or less respected and obeyed.

The more be perfected and advance towards the exterior the society, the power of this authority will become strong and grow and will spread in influence areas. The smaller and isolated is the group, the authority power will be more moderating and integrating, acting as the first between the «equal ones». In these last cases, the meeting of the active members (men, hunters) of the clan in assemblies, “jurgas” (in its language), etc., has supreme and sanctioning value of the deviant or solvent conducts for the group. Evidently, in these local councils, the prestige and the power of each individual member count, and in them some are «more «equal» than others. These local chiefs or Maliks are like favored negotiators with the different governments, who enjoy a personal more than institutional authority, and whose agreements can be ignored by the adult males, if are not confirmed by the assemblies.

Los talibanes aseguran que controlan el 85% de Afganistán | Noticias Diario  de Ávila
More than 85% of Afghanistan is controled (not occupied) by Taliban.

Their code of customs and honor is the Pashtunwali. It establishes to the individual certain rights and demands from him certain social duties towards the family, the clan and the tribe. The basic disputes on women, gold or valid money and lands are in the origin of the durable hatreds in these tribes. And that must be kept up to avenging the perceived affront. The own fragility and weakness of these society demands the appearance of the protective values.

These might be the hospitality, the loyalty, the friendship, the scorn of the strange as unknwon, the revenge of affronts and damages, the individual and collective honor. Each of them protects and enlarges in some measure or shade the small human group. As we will see, the relations are interpersonal, in the areas of the family, the clan and the region. They are projected by the opportunity, the nearness, the exchange of goods and the relation. And become strong with the loyalty, the respect of the accepted procedures and the treatment time. And depending on the accumulation of these elementary successive acts. A stranger can aspire this way to his integration, in a personal manner. And not for the quality or importance of his category or institutional position.

Los pastunes contra todos: rebelión frente a los talibanes y al aparato  militar de Pakistán
Pashtuns are against military actions by Gobvernment and Taliban

The hospitality takes implicit the reciprocity, when one travels, is alone and is not aggressive. This sometimes is perfected by the endowment of an escort to the traveler through insecure zones. The violation of this «escort» by an assault supposes a serious affront for the clan that provided it. The loyalty between the members of the group, sometimes very unstable, cohesion it. The honor inflates the self esteem and appearance before everybody. The revenge, in absence of a real justice, search to punish and then to repair the damages and affronts real or perceived. The scorn of strange, not adorned with good qualities or menacing the group, seeks to prevent a priori their integration in it, as a passive defense form. The friendship embraces the ties with the equals and within the group. If someone joins these elementary groups, he is object of loyalty and friendship in a personal way. These values would increase by his performance, ways and personal behavior. It would be the case of a native forces chief, accepted by them for the pays, the honor and the status that they offer and project on the regional clans. The acceptance is not with the position, but with the person.

(To be continued)

Publicado el 27 de julio de 20213 de agosto de 2021Categorías Afghan Taliban, al-Qaeda, Central Asia, Counterinsurgency Operations, COUNTERINSURGENCY WARFARE, Crisis and Conflicts, Guerrilla Warfare, Ideological Conflicts, INTERNAL CIVIL CONFLICTS, ISLAMIC RADICAL IDEOLOGIES, JIHADIST COMMANDS, PEACEFUL SOCIAL COEXISTENCE, PSYCHOLOGY OF THE ISLAMIC TERRORISTS, SMALL MILITARY UNITS, THE AUTHORITIES' CORRUPTION, The radical Islam, THE TACTICAL SPEED, Tribal social SystemDeja un comentario en The Unstoppable Flood of the AfghanTaliban

IDEOLOGY AND POWER IN CHINA.

The Historical Materialism in modern China

 

In the 18th century, the Jesuits misionary arrived to China (singularly, Mateo Ricci), that looked deeply into his civilization and manners of life, informed Rome in his letters, in the style used by San Francisco Javier on India, the Japan and other lands, of the existence in the Kingdom of the Middle of a political regime based on the absolute government of an emperor, using an organized into a hierarchy, extensive and educated bureaucracy. But this scheme, which was turning out to be idealized and simple, benevolent and Confucian, was not fulfilled in the reality. The Chinese emperors and still his dynasties were demolished; the internal war was intermittent and recurrent in his history; the necessary and powerful bureaucracy was elitist and closed and was falling intermittently down in the vice of the corruption, the conceitedness and the auto satisfaction for his works and services.

Resultado de imagen de chi huang ti

SHI HUANG TI, FIRST EMPEROR OF CHINA

And it is more, the root and the substance of this Chinese style of governance, of being and use of power remains nowadays. Upon the Chinese revolution in the 30s and 40s; of the World War II and the short civil war (1946-1949), after the Japanese occupation of great part of his oriental territory; of the economical and social «great leap forward» at first of the 50, using the micro steel mills and little factories production, at charge of innumerable groups of not due qualified neighbors, trying an «industrial communal revolution» and of the Mao Ze Dong‘s «cultural revolution». This last was an ideological radical reconduction of the revolutionary process, planned and praised in the Trotsky‘s «permanent revolution”, who paradoxically was, at the eyes of the Chinese communists, a «damned revisionist». All above mentioned constitutes a stage, an attempt, another historical episode, that, for more revolutionaries and radical that were, would end up by being swallowed, absorbed and incorporated in the Chinese civilization and idiosyncrasy, on having been accessories and temporaries in the development of the long History of the Kingdom of the Middle.

As the emperor only was accepting the loyal submission of his subjects, the communist leaders do not admit the most minimal critique from own or foreign. They have the monopoly and the «scientific» certainty of the materialistic and dialectical interpretation of the social facts of the history. Though they constantly correct his «course» in long tacks going to the advance. And the nomenclature, the aparatichik, the bureaucracy of the Chinese C. P. and the State are exclusivists and distant to the negotiations and to the different, deviant or divergent opinions, in what refer to his orientation, his collective and personal power and the objections to his taken decisions. It is in this closed area of the modern «mandarinate» where also are solved the power quotas and the interests of chiefs, commands and regions.

Resultado de imagen de mao zedong

MAO ZEDONG, FATHER OF THE POPULAR REPUBLIC OF CHINA

This way, when a difference exists between the people and them, they do not think and talk, but directly suppress the discrepancies that appear. In 1.989, the «liberal» Deng Xian Ping sent the Army to squash and disperse the civil student protest in the Tiananmen square, Pekin. And Zhao Zuyang, was ceased as first secretary of the Chinese C. P. , for simply raising in the first moment the negotiation with the students. These «incidents» arise constantly through the whole China and are several thousands in a year. But, about them scarcely one speaks, because they are not known. The regime and his oppressor device take charge making them invisible, so, non-existent. This is connected with the political classic Chinese past. So, when a difficulty, a claim exists, one was coming and one comes today to the high authority. And the current Constitution recognizes this right of popular and social request. But, nowadays the petitioners are easily struck and imprisoned. These «incidents» are usually happening with the local and regional authorities of the towns and companies. Which operate in the same form that the central leaders and the high jobs of the Party, that are theirs counselors, teachers and examples.

This style of governance would be useful and commendable when the social internal and external flows of a society were stopped by the geographical partitioned of the groups, the absence of persons’ movements by the lack of roads and the shortage of means and reasons for them; and the penury of the public information, generally only known verbally. But in the modern times, this governance does that the vivacity and the audacity, the creativity and the naturalness, get lost in the management of the public thing. And that the administrators hide down the papers and the procedures, acting according to a “bureaucracy of zero faults”. But, the mistakes and deficiencies veiled take the generation of others more, because this is «the use and the way» chosen. Because, the mistakes can always be used by some superior or enemy, generally with something of opportunism and convenience by a «group of collaborators or companions«, to scold, punish, accuse or cease. So is created something like a philharmonic «orchestra» lacking in unity, which can work with din, but without interpreting the melodies.

Resultado de imagen de deng xiaoping

DENG XIAOPING, GENERAL ARCHITECT OF MODERN CHINA

And it falls in the enthronement of the chiefs, which leads to the exoneration of all their failures, to the tolerance of all their faults and to the exaltation of all their thoughts, decisions and acts. In the absence of real contact with the reality, they look for the accumulation of safeguards, distances and privileges in their positions and functions, looking for the need to feel secures, without understanding that the reality is always more benign and hospitable than what is afraid of. One incurs in one of the politician social devils that the president Mao indicated already long ago and that, extracted from his original writings, is summarized as appointments in the “Red Book”, a real Marxist Leninist catechism of the Cultural Chinese Revolution (1.966-1.976): «the bureaucratic chained tasks supplant the attention and dedication to the people and to his needs and opinions, necessary to realize the real revolution, being based on an exchange of thoughts between the people and the Party». Since it is the ideological feedback from the people to the authorities, which keeps these in the historical materialist correct course.

The political action in China.

The own structure and composition of the Chinese C. P. reveal his elitist and exclusive characteristics. Administratively it is an emulator of the illustrated and despot «madarinate» of the imperial times. Scarcely, his members are 92 million of Chinese in 2020. But his ubiquity, penetration and range extend it as a «social fluid» for all the corners, sectors and turns of the Chinese led society. This «total presence» includes the principal and more active leaders of the country, in all the areas and stratum of the social action. All that contrasts and differs qualitatively from the general attitude of the rest of the world C. P., in relation with their compromised militancy: their doors are opened for all the sympathizers in all the countries where they do not govern. That are the immense majority of them, exempting a handful of old and already expired exceptions, relics of an overcome social and political past. In these countries they seek to reach a «critical mass» of public presence and activity, which is variable according to the societies, but that is between 10-15% of the populations. And that turns out to be necessary in order that the actions of these «militant lay orders» get reputation and transcendence in his society. Where it would act as his«social revolutionary yeast”, towards thoughts and radical attitudes. And even, at the end of the process, taking the weapon to finish off and suppress the emptied and unstable governments, when their institutional weakness is clear.

For his part, president Xi Jinping already excluded any political drift of the communist regime towards the modern freedoms: «The democracy is not Chinese«. That is to say, the Chinese democracy does not exist as such political system. Nevertheless, the economic capitalist freedoms were granted by the Party: «Let’s keep the ideology, the political orientation and the structure of the State (and, certainly, of the Party). And let’s perfect the way of production and the distribution of the obtained goods and services, cheapening all the possible the costs of the productive factors, seeking to improve the economic productivity and efficiency, the volume of production and the wealth and his extension«.

Imagen relacionada

PRESIDENT XI JINPING, CREATOR OF THE GLOBAL CHINA.

On having embraced the capitalism specialized ways and forms in the creation of goods and without applying the necessary central regulation, this has brought erroneous or perverse drifts in the assignments of the means and the distribution of the produced goods. Probably to stimulate these capitalist activities and to simultaneously control them, is more an «object» of high social philosophy. And suppose asking too much to a national leaders not enough expert, neither experienced in the themes. This way, have created a high and a middle economic classes, that form a new social active and powerful base of the Party. One prospers with the Party and never without the Party. Because his members trust between them and the belonging to him gives a stamp of guarantee and loyalty to the great lines or parameters designed and planned from the leader dome. That belong so much to the thoughts and the general actions, as to the most prosaic areas of the economic capitalist activity and the direction and management of sectors and companies. They want to be rich communists and to enjoy goods of immediate and lasting consumption in property and exclusives. It is a way that serves, always there is one, to distinguish and to be outlined over the others, specially from the acquaintances, neighbors and relatives.

But the enormous prices inflation of the real-estate assets, created by an excessive and /or speculative demand, with a limited offer of the wished and/or preferential locations and the available surface, has to lead to the depreciation of these «deposits of value and saving«. Fitting them to their more moderate rea value. But, numerous Chinese have prospered very much on having invested his savings in the urban construction. In addition, it is possible that this is not the only upward diversion of prices that is under way in other «deposits of value», for example, the stock exchange. And it is possible that the immense majority of the Chinese tolerate the political halter, relieved by the consumer consolations. But they will enormously sting the loss of great part of his savings and of his expectations of progress and wealth. Machiavelli was saying that the men were tolerating better the violent loss of his father than that of his goods (ruin, confiscation). Curiously, a theoretically communist regime and that was considering the USSR of the 60s and 70s as «deviationist» of the Marxism Leninism and of the revolutionary pure tradition, will fall down, for edging them, in the cyclical inevitable diversions of the most stale capitalism. Those that the great Europe already bridled since 80 years ago, gradually creating and perfecting a corps of economic doctrine of social liberal nature, with whom she was eluding, relieving and overcoming them with efficiency and rapidity.

Imagen relacionada

THE CREATORS OF THE THEORY OF THE DIALECTIC MATERIALISM

But, on having radically and sharply modified the relations between the production agents (work, capital, management and cadres and administration), there also have to be modified the social previous relations between them. In effect, the knowledge and the application of the modern technologies of all kinds in the manufactures of multitude of goods, lead to the qualitative increase of the training and the formation of the producers. Which will claim, more soon that late, the recognition from the Chinese State of diverse civil rights, still not contemplated or in embryo. The concentration in his hands and in the commands of the factories of increasing quantities of assets (savings, participations, goods of lasting consumption, essential knowledge) will lead them to demand from it new ways and forms of participation in the public Chinese life. Acting this way, as would say Mao, «A need demanded by the people to the Party and the leaders».

All that will create contradictions between the new social caps or «subclasses» so formed, breaking and removing this way the idealized monolithic unit of the people and the Party in the State. Contradictions that not necessarily have to get antagonistic, to resolving by the violent action between the rivals. But that will demand his dialectical «resolution» and, therefore, they will lead to the appearance of a new social stable balance. Where the most retrograde, ultraconservatives, parasitic or bureaucratic «sectors» will have to let passing to: a sensitive, flexible and effective administration in wide sense; to a different control over the managements and the leaders of the companies and services; to a sectoral and individual management progressively different from the old ones; to a system of access to these mentioned positions, based on the capacity, the efficiency measured from time to time and the merits; and to a major and freer participation of the producers of all kinds in the social areas to developing: education, playtime, trips, consumption, social protection, health and access to the public life. And this is really the historical materialism in action…

Publicado el 30 de mayo de 2021Categorías CHINA END HER FOREIGN RELATIONS, COMMUNIST PARTIES IN POWER., Crisis and Conflicts, Despotic Aristocracies, DIALECTIC MATERIALISM, DICTATORIAL ELITES, ECONOMY AND POLITICS, ENTREPRENEURS AND CREATORS, Evils of Bureaucracy, FAR EAST, HISTORIC MATERIALISM, Internal social conflicts, LEADER CLASSES IN CHINA, MARXIST LENINIST PSYCHOLOGY, PACIFIC ASIA, PEACEFUL SOCIAL COEXISTENCE, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CHINA, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CHINA, Social Philosophy, STATE CAPITALIST ECONOMY, THE AUTHORITIES' CORRUPTION

THE MUSLIM THOUGHT OF UNIVERSITY AL-AZHAR.

HOPES AND REALITIES IN SEARCH OF COEXISTENCE

Introduction.

The visit of the Pope Francis to Egypt on the past April 28 and 29 (only 27 hours in total) brought a blast of fresh air and of hope to the difficult relations of the Islam and West. That today are tense in many places of the world: for the salafists jihadists attempts in Europe and the USA; for the civil wars between shiis and sunnis in Iraq and Syria, with the military participation of Russia and West; and for the declarations of intellectuals and politicians of one and another sign and the popular manifestations, as expression of the opinions and the mental collective conditions.

A special importance and transcendency for these relations had Francis‘ visit to the ulema Ahmed al-Tayeb, rector of the Cairota university of al-Azhar. That is the principal model and ideological source for the 1400 million sunnis Muslims of the world. His relations with the Holy See were of «sine die» break from first of 2011. When al-Azhar cut the relations with the Vatican, arguing the interference of this one in the internal matters of Egypt.

 

The social religious internal Field.

In this context of rivalries and lacks of understanding, which was coming out the religious area, to project and affect the large social space, the president Abdelfatah al-Sisi (marshall of the AA. FF. and former Defense Secretary of the president Mursi) had requested to the ideological Moslem university, the renovation of his speech, before the increasing use of the Islam to justify the salafist terrorism. Al-Sisi also asked to al-Azhar that the ulems and muftis were controlling more the religious Fridays sermons at the midday in the mosques.

In his trip, the Pope visited and consoled the scarcely 250 thousand Catholics of the country. And he met his friend, the patriarch Teodoro II, of the orthodox Copts, whose church adds up 9 million faithful, signing a document in which the validity of the baptism was recognized mutually. The Christians already were settled in Egypt several centuries before his armed religious conquest by the Arabs in the year 641. They are collectivly reliable, discreet, industrious and pacific citizens. And because of it the radical local fanatics attack them by many ways and «train» with them for his crimes and outrages against the society.

Resultado de imagen de ahmed al-tayeb IN EGYPT.

Nevertheless, the respected Moslem institution, by mouth of the assistant director of al-Azhar, Abbas Sluieman, closed these possibilities, even that of controlling and limiting the incendiary sermons, on the other hand, orthodox, of certain imans: «The Islam does not need self-criticism or update».

This means that all his revelation, is already transmitted in the Koran and the hadices or accepted sayings and facts (for his verified transmission) of Mohammed. And that they are already sufficiently studied and interpreted by the ulemas and muftis throughout the centuries. But this leaves the opened door to the radical salafist interpretation, so much to the violent or Qubism (that does not hold the power in any country), as to ideological and educational of the Saudi radical wahabism. That does not propagate with the armed revolution, which would inevitably overthrow a corrupt and full of privileges dynasty, but with part of the crude oil incomes, distributed to the related mosques all over the world. Radicals that it is not possible to directly condemn, in altars of the great freedom of interpretation and expression that accepts the Islam. That allows to condemn only the crimes and misbehaviors committed «as such» in his name by a small part of his faithful.

The important Words in the ecumenical Interview.

Al-Tayeb asked in general to the believers (all), «to walk together, liberating the image of both religions of false concepts and lacks of understanding». But this ecumenical message is not accepted by the majority of the clergymen (ulemas, muftíes and imans) of al-Azhar.

Ahmed al-Tayeb, for his part, indicated that «we should not ask for an explanation to the religion (his is the one that is indicated) of the crimes that commit a small group of his followers. The Islam is not a religion of terrorism, for much that a group of followers tries to manipulate the Khoranic texts and misinterpret them from the ignorance. Later, they spill blood and spread the destruction «. terrorism «.

Resultado de imagen de The Muslim thought of the university of al-Azhar AL-AZHAR AND ITS MOSQUE.

Also the other two monotheistic religions received his part: «If we open the door for the accusations, as we do it against the Islam, no religion, civilization or history would turn out to be innocent of the charge of violence and terrorism”.

The Employ of the Violence by the Religions.

The Jews, in their stage of conquest and settlement in the land of Canaan, the Palestine, the Promised Land to Abraham and his descent, from before the Joseph’s and his family exile in Egypt, practised the hard violence of the Ancient Age. It was the only mean to defeat and expel the pagan and idolatrous peoples of these lands. That the Jews had to conquer and occupy. To be able to guard and transmit up to the fullness of the History, the beliefs, laws and procedure «agreeable to Yehova« for his faithful. And the depraved and idolatrous essence of those peoples was the moral justification of their conquest and separation of Canaan.

Resultado de imagen de jOSUÉ JOSUE ENTERS IN JERICHO

The conquest only was looking for the creation and establishment of a «living space» for the Jews, as nation. Without this living space, the Jewish nation would never exist. And the people will live very badly in hands of the dominators of the lands where it was settled. The experience of the Kurds, after the I World War and the disappearance and dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, can offer a nearby and vivid example of the hardships that the peoples without State suffer still nowadays. And one of the organizational bases of the State is the national territory. That allow them to exercise and keep their rights and sovereignty as a constituted and stable nation.

This way, the Jews never tried to impose the Judaism on any submitted or expelled people. Since only they were holding the divine promises done to Abraham and confirmed to his son Isaac and to his grandson Jacob. They were the chosen people of Yehova.

The Christians took at the beginning of their times, initiated the Evangelization and with few small, weak and dispersed communities in the Roman Empire, the way of the peace, the preaching, the sobriety and the prudence. Inspired their conduct by the mercy, as love that is received, practised and spreads out. To separate of the rites and procedure of a strong, stable and bridled in norms State, made them stay, first, as «stranges». And then, with the increase and extension of the faithful, they were defined as enemies of Rome. Up to 10 great persecutions devastated the Church or faithful congregation, not the place, up to the 4th century. From Neron to Diocleciano, passing for emperors as «eminent» as Trajano and Marco Aurelio. The meekness, resistance and loyalty of the tortured Christians were well-known and admirable. For what Diocleciano sought to prolong and refine the tortures and not to create martyrs for the worship…

The Crusades were military and religious enterprises stimulated by the Church with exhortations, prayers and indulgences, and realized by volunteers of the whole Christianity. They were seeking to recover for Her the domain over the Holy Places of Jesus Christ in Palestine, from the hands of the expansive Islam. This occupied them in the year 635 and was putting successively obstacles to the individual and collective pilgrimage of the Christians. Between 1096 and 1270, eight Crusades were carried out. In 1291, was lost the principal strategic aim of the christian Europe from 200 years behind.

 

Resultado de imagen de Müezzinzade Ali Paşa ALI PASHA, ADMIRAL OF THE TURKISH FLEET IN LEPANTO.

Nevertheless, from the beginning of the military Yihad by the Arabs, in the 7th century, the Holy Original Places of the Islam in the peninsula of Arabia, always were in the political and religious hands of his faithful, well the Arabs or the Ottoman Turks.

The Church, as institution, used sporadically the violence during the modern and contemporary ages. In the inter-states conflicts arisen when she was holding and joining a political, mundane power, to his prerogatives and religious actions. This political power was concentrating and was born in the so called temporal states or pontifical lands. That, from a minimal surface of territory, the necessary to assure his functioning, independence and security, was growing and hypertrophying from the 4th century. After the Edict of Milan on the religious freedom in the Roman Empire, given in the year 311 by Constantin the Great. When the papacy managed to be an independent feudal lord or a sovereign in great part of Italy, up to its late reunification.

In 1870, after the Italian reunification and without the superfluous real estate and his problems and mundane burdens, the Church was abided to act and to live as the spiritual and governing organism that was. And here it might say that «the organ created the function«, upside-down of the known phrase of the Darwinian theory of the evolution.

From the middle of the 622 year, the Muslims employed methodically and systematicly the armed force, to fight the unfaithful peoples and, especially, to extend the lands of dar al-Islam. These are the lands where the Islam is the principal and dominant religion. And where are established and practise the Koran, the tradition of Mohammed or Sunna and the Sharia or direct application of them to the daily life of the believers and their norms.

Resultado de imagen de rashidun caliphate

No religion or, better, great religion, has followed and used the armed violence, in the same way and continuity that the Islam, for the imposition of their creeds and morals all over the world. And it is not that other religions have not used the violence in his defense or in the active pursuit of the unfaithful persons or «different» along his history. But this has never been as a part of his essence and nature, as “instrument of redemption» of the men, as another «pillar» of their basic duties. Confirmed this throughout the centuries, though intermittently, by the ulemas or ideologists, the muftis or jurists and the imans or conductors of the Salat or daily prayers and direct preachers of the people.

Publicado el 7 de agosto de 20178 de agosto de 2017Categorías Ideological Conflicts, ISLAM IDEOLOGIES, ISLAMIC RADICAL IDEOLOGIES, LOOKING FOR THE ECUMENICISM., PEACEFUL SOCIAL COEXISTENCE, RELIGIONS IMPOSED BY FORCE AND PERSECUTIONS., RELIGIOUS PERSECUTIONS, SALAFISM IDEOLOGY, Social Philosophy, SOUTHWEST OF ASIA, THOUGHT OF SUNNI UNIVERSITY OF AL-AZHAR.Deja un comentario en THE MUSLIM THOUGHT OF UNIVERSITY AL-AZHAR.
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